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Randall R. Betz , M.D.
Publications

Presentations by Dr. Betz or coauthors (Paper presentations unless otherwise noted):

1. Mulcahey MJ, Betz RR: The satisfaction with totally implanted functional electrical stimulation on patient-directed outcomes. 5th Scientific Congress of the Paralympic Games, Sydney, Australia, October 2000.

2. Merola A, Brkaric M, Haher T, Kohani O, Lowe T, Lenke L, Betz R, Huss G, Wenger D, Newton P, Clements D: A multi-center prospective study of 737 questionnaires utilizing the Scoliosis Research Society (SRS) instrument for the surgical treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Nominated for the Russell Hibbs Award, Scoliosis Research Society annual meeting, Cairns, Australia, October 2000.

3. Kuklo T, Lenke LG, Won DS, Graham EJ, Sweet FA, Betz RR, Blanke KM: Spontaneous proximal thoracic curve correction following selective fusion of the main thoracic curve in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Scoliosis Research Society annual meeting, Cairns, Australia, October 2000.

4. Clements DH, Betz RR, Lowe TG, Lenke LG, Newton PO: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis with excessive thoracic kyphosis: comparison of anterior vs. posterior instrumentation for maintaining correction. Scoliosis Research Society annual meeting, Cairns, Australia, October 2000.

5. Wood J, Lowe T, Betz R, Clements D, Lenke L, Newton P, Merola A, Haher T, Wenger D, Harms J: Large magnitude adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: anterior vs. posterior surgical stabilization. Scoliosis Research Society annual meeting, Cairns, Australia, October 2000.

6. Finson R, McCarthy J, Smith B, Betz R, Mulcahey MJ: Effects of intramuscular electrical stimulation on joint excursions during gait in children with cerebral palsy requiring surgical lengthenings (poster). American Academy of Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine annual meeting, Toronto, September 2000.

7. McCarthy JJ, Weibel B, Betz RR: Results of pelvic osteotomies for hip subluxation in children with spinal cord injury. American Academy of Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine annual meeting, Toronto, September 2000.

8. Mulcahey MJ, Betz RR, McDonald C, Hutchinson D, Finson R, McCarthy JJ: Functional and therapeutic electrical stimulation for neuromuscular disorders: state of the art and the science (instructional course). American Academy of Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine annual meeting, Toronto, September 2000.

9. Vogel LC, Anderson CJ, Mulcahey MJ, Betz RR: What's new in the basic care of the child with a spinal cord injury? American Academy of Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine annual meeting, Toronto, September 2000.

10. Anderson CJ, Lubicky JP, Betz RR, Vogel LC: Adult employment of individuals who sustained pediatric-onset spinal cord injuries. American Paraplegia Society annual meeting, Las Vegas, September 2000; American Spinal Injury Association annual meeting, Chicago, April 2000.

11. Betz RR: Acute evaluation and management, including SCIWORA. American Paraplegia Society annual meeting, Las Vegas, September 2000.

12. Betz RR: What constitutes good orthopaedic care for the child with spinal cord injury? American Paraplegia Society annual meeting, Las Vegas, September 2000.

13. Vogel LC, Lubicky JP, Betz RR, Anderson CJ: Medical complications in adults with pediatric-onset SCI: implications on quality of life. American Paraplegia Society annual meeting (poster), Las Vegas, September 2000.

14. Graham EJ, Lenke LG, Lowe TG, Betz RR, Bridwell KH, Kong Y: Prospective pulmonary function evaluation following open thoracotomy for anterior thoracic spinal fusion in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. American Orthopaedic Association annual meeting [poster], Hot Springs, VA, June 2000; Scoliosis Research Society, San Diego, September 1999.

15. McCarthy J, Betz R, Mark A, Davidson R: The treatment of angular deformities of the tibia with gradual correction using a T-type fixator versus acute correction with a monolateral fixator. Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America annual meeting, Vancouver, May 2000.

16. Betz RR, Lenke LG, Lowe TG, Clements DH, Merola A, Haher T, Newton PO, Wenger DR, Huss GK, Blanke K: Comparison of anterior versus posterior instrumentation for correction of thoracic adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: analysis by an objective radiographic scoring system. Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America annual meeting, Vancouver, May 2000; Scoliosis Research Society, San Diego, September 1999.

17. Betz RR: The aging spine (instructional course [moderator]). American Spinal Injury Association annual meeting, Chicago, April 2000.

18. Betz RR, Lenke LG, Clements DH, Lowe TG, Newton PO: Anterior instrumentation for thoracic adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: open and minimally invasive techniques (poster exhibit). American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons annual meeting, Orlando, March 2000.

19. Betz RR: A comprehensive approach to adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: background, including etiology (instructional course). American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons annual meeting, Orlando, March 2000

20. Betz RR: Office practice of pediatric orthopaedics: scoliosis and kyphosis (instructional course). American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons annual meeting, Orlando, March 2000.

21. Festa CJ, Sodl J, Feng AK, Lee C, Gaughan J, Clements DH, Bigos D, Betz RR: Preoperative pulmonary function: its correlation with the duration of postoperative mechanical ventilation in spinal fusion patients. Society of Critical Care Medicine, Orlando, February 2000.

22. McCarthy JJ, Betz RR: The treatment of hip fractures in children with existing spinal cord injuries. H.H. Steel Conference on Spinal Cord Injury: Contemporary Principles and New Directions, Rancho Mirage, California, December 1999.

23. McCarthy JJ, Weibel B, Betz RR: Results of pelvic osteotomies for hip subluxation in children with spinal cord injury. H.H. Steel Conference on Spinal Cord Injury: Contemporary Principles and New Directions, Rancho Mirage, California, December 1999.

24. Pontari MA, Weibel B, Morales V, Dean MD, Gaughan J, Betz R: Improved quality of life after continent urinary diversion in pediatric patients with quadriplegia after spinal cord injury. H.H. Steel Conference on Spinal Cord Injury: Contemporary Principles and New Directions, Rancho Mirage, California, December 1999.

25. Kozin SH, Mulcahey MJ, Betz RR: An intraoperative method to evaluate elbow flexion and supination strength during biceps-to-triceps transfer for tetraplegia (poster). H.H. Steel Conference on Spinal Cord Injury: Contemporary Principles and New Directions, Rancho Mirage, California, December 1999.

26. Betz RR: FES: Status of human trials in pediatrics. H.H. Steel Conference on Spinal Cord Injury: Contemporary Principles and New Directions, Rancho Mirage, California, December 1999.

27. Smith BT, Mulcahey MJ, Betz RR: Implantation of an upper extremity neuroprosthesis in growing children with a C5 level spinal injury. H.H. Steel Conference on Spinal Cord Injury: Contemporary Principles and New Directions, Rancho Mirage, California, December 1999.

28. Betz RR, Lenke LG, Clements DH, Lowe TG: Thoracoscopic approach versus open thoracotomy for insertion of anterior instrumentation for the treatment of thoracic adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Shrine Surgeons annual meeting, Tampa, FL, November 1999.

29. Lewin JD, Betz RR, Clements DH, Huss GK: Comparison of segmental hook-sublaminar wire hybrid constructs with traditional segmental hook-rod constructs for correction of scoliosis. North American Spine Society, Chicago, October 1999.

30. Lenke LG, Betz R, Lowe T, Merola A, Haher T, Clements D, Blanke K, Huss G: Curve prevalence of a new surgical classification of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. North American Spine Society, Chicago, October 1999.

31. Betz RR: The future for the patient with a spinal cord injury. SCI Advances, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Philadelphia, October 1999

32. Bridwell KH, Shufflebarger HL, Lenke LG, Lowe TG, Betz RR, Bassett GS, Iffrig TM, Baldus C, Blanke K, Whorton J: Parent/patient preference in idiopathic adolescent scoliosis: a prospective preoperative analysis. North American Spine Society, Chicago, October 1999; Scoliosis Research Society, San Diego, September 1999.

33. Lee CH, Feng A, Festa C, Betz R, Bigos D. Correlation between duration of postoperative IV analgesia and PICU stay after spinal fusion surgery. Pediatric Critical Care, Portland, OR, September 1999

34. Betz RR: Ambulation options for functional mobility, and FES options for bladder management. In: Innovative treatment options to increase independence for pediatric spinal cord injury (SCI) (instructional course). American Academy for Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine annual meeting, Washington DC, September 1999

35. Lenke LG, Betz RR, Haher T, Merola A, Lapp M, Harms J, Shufflebarger HL, Blanke K: Multi-surgeon assessment of a new classification of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS): can agreement on classification exist? Scoliosis Research Society, San Diego, September 1999.

36. Johnston TE, Mulcahey MJ, Smith BT, Betz RR: Percutaneous electrical stimulation strengthening in an adolescent with incomplete paraplegia. American Paraplegia Society annual meeting (poster), Las Vegas, September 1999; Physical Therapy '99, Washington, DC, June 1999.

37. Betz RR, Johnston TE, Mulcahey MJ, Smith BT: Implantable functional electrical stimulation for upright mobility in children: preliminary experience. American Paraplegia Society annual meeting (poster), Las Vegas, September 1999; American Spinal Injury Association annual meeting, Atlanta, April 1999

38. Mulcahey MJ, Betz RR, Smith BT, Davis SE, Johnston TE: The satisfaction with totally implanted functional electrical stimulation on client-directed outcomes. American Paraplegia Society annual meeting (poster), Las Vegas, September 1999; American Spinal Injury Association annual meeting, Atlanta, April 1999.

40. Johnston TE, Mulcahey MJ, Betz RR, Smith BT: Totally implanted FES for upright mobility in an adolescent with paraplegia. RESNA '99 annual conference, Long Beach, CA, June 1999; American Physical Therapy Association combined sections meeting, February 1999. Zourelias HC, Betz RR, Rebuck CA: Custom TLSOs for infantile scoliosis. Association of Children's Prosthetics and Orthotics Clinics, St. Petersburg, Florida, May 1999

41. Akers JM, Smith BT, Betz RR, Mulcahey MJ: Implantable functional electrical stimulation technology in growing animals. American Spinal Injury Association annual meeting (poster), Atlanta, April 1999; Sixth International Conference on Surgical Rehabilitation of the Upper Limb in Tetraplegia (Quadriplegia), Cleveland, May 1998.

42. Lenke LG, Betz RR, Harms J, Clements DH, Lowe TG, Bridwell K: A new and comprehensive classification system of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons annual meeting [scientific exhibit], Anaheim, CA, February 1999.

43. Lenke LG, Betz RR, Harms J, Bridwell KH, Clements DH, Lowe TG: Spontaneous lumbar curve correction following selective anterior or posterior thoracic fusion in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons annual meeting, Anaheim, CA, February 1999.

44. D'Andrea LP, Betz RR, Lenke LG, Clements DH, Lowe TG, Merola A, Haher T, Harms J, Huss GK, Blanke K, McGlothlen S: Do radiographic parameters correlate with clinical outcomes in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis? American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons annual meeting (poster), Anaheim, CA, February 1999; Scoliosis Research Society annual meeting, New York City, September 1998.

45. D'Andrea LP, Betz RR, Lenke LG, Harms J, Clements DH, Lowe TG: The effect of continued spinal growth on sagittal contour in patients treated by anterior instrumentation for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons annual meeting (poster), Anaheim, CA, February 1999; Scoliosis Research Society annual meeting, New York City, September 1998.

46. Huntington CF, Betz RR, Maxy P, Clements DH, Drewry TD, Sherman MC, Pafford J: Biomechanical finite element analysis of spinopelvic fixation in long segment spinal fixation constructs. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons annual meeting (poster), Anaheim, CA, February 1999.

47. Johnston TE, Mulcahey MJ, Betz RR, Weiss AA: Upper extremity tendon transfers in children with cervical spinal cord injury. American Physical Therapy Association combined sections meeting, February 1999.

48. Clements DH III, Betz RR, Balsara RK: Thoracoscopic anterior thoracic instrumentation and fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Scoliosis Research Society annual meeting (poster), New York City, September 1998. Huntington CF, Betz RR, Clements DH III: Long segment spinopelvic fusion in adult idiopathic scoliosis using a hybrid pelvic fixation construct. Scoliosis Research Society annual meeting, New York City, September 1998; Scoliosis Research Society annual meeting (poster), St. Louis, Missouri, September 1997.

49. Betz RR, Harms J, Lenke LG, Lowe TG, Clements DH III, Jeszenszky D: Anterior rigid rod instrumentation for thoracic idiopathic scoliosis. Scoliosis Research Society annual meeting, New York City, September 1998 (poster); Combined Meeting, Orthopaedic Associations of the English Speaking World (poster), Auckland, New Zealand, February 1998; North American Spine Society annual meeting (poster), New York City, October 1997; Scoliosis Research Society annual meeting (poster), St. Louis, Missouri, September 1997.

50. Betz RR: Implantation of sacral nerve stimulators in pediatric SCI subjects. American Paraplegia Society annual meeting, Las Vegas, September 1998

51. McCarthy JJ, Betz RR: The relationship between tight hamstrings and lumbar hypolordosis in children with CP. Shrine Surgeons annual meeting, Shreveport, Louisiana, September 1998; Spine + Science + Management (poster), New Orleans, November 1997.

52. Hermantin FU, Betz RR, Clements DH, Bosacco SJ: Postoperative infection in patients with myelodysplasia or spinal cord injury undergoing fusion for scoliosis. Shrine Surgeons annual meeting, Shreveport, Louisiana, September 1998; American Academy of Orthopaedic surgeons annual meeting (poster), New Orleans, March 1998; Pennsylvania Orthopaedic Society annual meeting, Wilmington, Delaware, November 1997; Scoliosis Research Society annual meeting, St. Louis, Missouri, September 1997; Spine + Science + Management meeting, New Orleans, November 1996.

53. Harding SP, Weiss AA, Mulcahey MJ, Betz RR: Split flexor pollicis longus tendon transfer: a comparison with arthrodesis for stabilization of the thumb IP joint in adolescents with tetraplegia. American Paraplegia Society annual meeting (poster), Las Vegas, September 1998; Sixth International Conference on Surgical Rehabilitation of the Upper Limb in Tetraplegia (Quadriplegia) (poster), Cleveland, May 1998.

54. Lyons R, Mulcahey MJ, Betz RR, Spoltore T, Weiss AA: Assessment of functional outcomes of the deltoid-to-triceps transfer in the patient with SCI tetraplegia. Sixth International Conference on Surgical Rehabilitation of the Upper Limb in Tetraplegia (Quadriplegia) (poster), Cleveland, May 1998; American Paraplegia Society annual meeting (poster), Las Vegas, September 1996; American Spinal Injury Association annual meeting, Seattle, April 1996; American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons annual meeting (poster), Atlanta, February 1996.

55. Mulcahey MJ, Betz R, Weiss A, Smith B: The outcomes of tendon transfers in children. Sixth International Conference on Surgical Rehabilitation of the Upper Limb in Tetraplegia (Quadriplegia), Cleveland, May 1998.

56. Mulcahey MJ, Smith B, Betz R: Lower motor neuron integrity of arm muscles in high tetraplegia. Sixth International Conference on Surgical Rehabilitation of the Upper Limb in Tetraplegia (Quadriplegia) (poster), Cleveland, May 1998.

57. Mulcahey MJ, Betz RR, Weiss A, Vogel L, Bednar M, James M: A multi-center study of the Freehand system in adolescents. Sixth International Conference on Surgical Rehabilitation of the Upper Limb in Tetraplegia (Quadriplegia) (poster), Cleveland, May 1998.

58. Smith B, Mulcahey MJ, Davis S, Betz R: Tendon transfers to provide brace-free wrist stability in adolescents with the Freehand system. Sixth International Conference on Surgical Rehabilitation of the Upper Limb in Tetraplegia (Quadriplegia) (poster), Cleveland, May 1998; American Spinal Injury Association annual meeting (poster), Cleveland, April 1998.

59. Davis S, Mulcahey MJ, Betz RR: Use of the Freehand system in adolescents. Sixth International Conference on Surgical Rehabilitation of the Upper Limb in Tetraplegia (Quadriplegia) (poster), Cleveland, May 1998.

60. Lieberman GS, Betz RR: Bracing for delaying the progression of scoliosis in the immature patient with spinal cord injury. American Spinal Injury Association annual meeting (poster), Cleveland, Ohio, April 1998; Pennsylvania Orthopaedic Society annual meeting, Wilmington, Delaware, November 1997; American Paraplegia Society (poster), Las Vegas, September 1997.

61. Ruggiero RA, Mulcahey MJ, Betz RR: The functional outcome of spinal fusion for paralytic scoliosis following spinal cord injury in the pediatric patient. American Spinal Injury Association annual meeting (poster); Cleveland, Ohio, April 1998; American Academy of Orthopaedic surgeons annual meeting (poster), New Orleans, March 1998; American Paraplegia Society annual meeting (poster), Las Vegas, September 1997.

62. Betz RR: Treatment perspectives for the adolescent based on untreated patients presenting in adulthood, in An Eclectic Approach to Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (instructional course). American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons annual meeting, New Orleans, March 1998.

63. Betz RR: Scoliosis and kyphosis, in The Office Practice of Pediatric Orthopaedics (instructional course). American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons annual meeting, New Orleans, March 1998. Betz RR: Initial evaluation and management of the child with spinal cord injury. In Initial Management of Patients with SCI (instructional course). American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons annual meeting, New Orleans, March 1998.

64. Betz RR, Harms J, Clements DH III, Lenke LG, Lowe TG, Shufflebarger HL, Jeszenszky DJ, Beele B: Comparison of anterior versus posterior instrumentation for correction of thoracic idiopathic scoliosis. Combined Meeting, Orthopaedic Associations of the English Speaking World, Auckland, New Zealand, February 1998; American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons annual meeting, San Francisco, February 1997; Scoliosis Research Society annual meeting (considered for Russell Hibbs Award), Ottawa, September 1996; American Orthopaedic Association annual meeting (poster), Colorado Springs, June 1996; Shrine Surgeons annual meeting, Honolulu, August 1995; American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons annual meeting [scientific exhibit], Orlando, February 1995.

65. Betz RR, Mulcahey MJ, Weiss AA, Smith BT: The outcomes of tendon transfers for hand function. Combined Meeting, Orthopaedic Associations of the English Speaking World, Auckland, New Zealand, February 1998.

66. Peters TW, Betz RR, Clements DH, Bosacco SJ: Prevalence of patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis who could benefit from anterior instrumentation. Combined Meeting, Orthopaedic Associations of the English Speaking World (poster), Auckland, New Zealand, February 1998; Pennsylvania Orthopaedic Society annual meeting, Wilmington, Delaware, November 1997; North American Spine Society annual meeting (poster), New York City, October 1997

67. Clements DH, Betz RR, Harms J, Lenke LG, Lowe TG, Huss GK: Critical analysis of proximal sagittal contour after correction of thoracic idiopathic scoliosis: anterior versus posterior instrumentation. Combined Meeting, Orthopaedic Associations of the English Speaking World (poster), Auckland, New Zealand, February 1998; Scoliosis Research Society annual meeting, St. Louis, Missouri, September 1997.

68. Lee GA, Betz RR, Clements DH, Huss GK: Proximal kyphosis above posterior spinal fusions in patients with idiopathic scoliosis. American Orthopaedic Association Residents' Conference, Sacramento, CA, February 1998; Pennsylvania Orthopaedic Society annual meeting, Wilmington, Delaware, November 1997; North American Spine Society annual meeting, New York City, October 1997; Scoliosis Research Society annual meeting, St. Louis, Missouri, September 1997; Spine + Science + Management meeting (poster), New Orleans, November 1996.

69. D'Andrea LP, Betz RR: Analysis for sagittal crankshaft after correction of idiopathic scoliosis with anterior instrumentation and fusion. Spine + Science + Management, New Orleans, November 1997.

70. Clements DH III, Betz RR, Balsara RK: Technique of video assisted thoracoscopic anterior thoracic instrumentation and fusion for idiopathic scoliosis. International Symposium on Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Philadelphia, November 1997; 4th International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques, Munich, Germany, July 1997.

71. Falatyn SP, Betz RR, Clements DH III, Huss GK: Allograft versus no graft with a posterior multisegmented hook system for the treatment of idiopathic scoliosis. North American Spine Society annual meeting, New York City, October 1997; Scoliosis Research Society annual meeting, St. Louis, Missouri, September 1997.

72. Betz RR, Vogel LC, Mulcahey MJ, James MA: Progressive management of the child with SCI [instructional course]. American Academy of Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine annual meeting, Portland, Oregon, September 1997

73. Mulcahey MJ, Betz RR, Finson R, Akers JM, Stanger M, Bertoti DB: Percutaneous functional electrical stimulation in the child with spastic diplegia: therapeutic and functional effects. American Academy of Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine annual meeting (poster), Portland, Oregon, September 1997

74. Martin WH, Clements DH, Betz RR, Young WF: Intraoperative EMG monitoring during spinal surgery. Seminar on Clinical Neurophysiology, Jerusalem, February 1997.

75. Lenke LG, Betz RR, Bridwell KH, Clements DH III, Harms J, King HA, Lowe TG, Shufflebarger HL: Classifying adolescent idiopathic scoliosis by the King method: is it reliable? American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons annual meeting, San Francisco, January 1997; Scoliosis Research Society annual meeting, Ottawa, September 1996.

76. Huntington C, Murrell W, Betz RR, Cole BA, Clements DH, Balsara RK: Comparison of thoracoscopic and open thoracic discectomy in a live sheep model for anterior spinal fusion. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons annual meeting (poster), San Francisco, February 1997; 3rd International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques, Munich, June 1996

77. Weiss AA, Betz RR, Mulcahey MJ, Keith M: Reconstruction of high tetraplegia hand activity with functional electrical stimulation: introduction to emerging neuro-prosthetic technology. American Association for Hand Surgery, Boca Raton, January 1997.

78. Clements DH, Betz RR, Harms J, Lenke LG, Balsara: Analysis of sagittal contour after correction of thoracic idiopathic scoliosis: anterior vs. posterior instrumentation. Scoliosis Research Society annual meeting, Ottawa, September 1996.

79. Lenke LG, Betz RR, Bridwell KH, Lowe T, Clements D, Harms J, Shufflebarger H: Classification of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS): a new system addressing both coronal and sagittal planes. Scoliosis Research Society annual meeting, Ottawa, September 1996.

80. Betz RR: Orthopaedic issues in pediatric spinal cord injury patients. American Paraplegia Society annual meeting [instructional course], Las Vegas, September 1996.

81. Mulcahey MJ, Betz RR, Mullin C: The comparison of FES to orthoses in children with spinal cord injuries. American Paraplegia Society annual meeting (poster), Las Vegas, September 1996. Akers JM, Triolo RJ, Betz RR: Motor responses to implantable electrodes in a growing limb. American Paraplegia Society (poster), Las Vegas, September 1996.

82. Betz RR: Unique management needs of pediatric spinal cord injury patients: orthopaedic issues. American Paraplegia Society annual meeting [instructional course], Las Vegas, September 1996.

83. Clements DH III, Martin WH, Hafner H, Betz RR: Efficacy of intraoperative SSEP monitoring of the upper extremities in detecting neuropraxia during positioning for spinal surgery. Scoliosis Research Society annual meeting, Ottawa, September 1996.

84. Cordover AM, Betz RR, Clements DH, Bosacco SJ: The natural history of adolescent thoracolumbar and lumbar idiopathic scoliosis into adulthood. Scoliosis Research Society annual meeting, Ottawa, September 1996; 3rd International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques (poster), Munich, June 1996; American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons annual meeting, Atlanta, February 1996; North American Spine Society annual meeting, Washington, DC, October 1995.

85. Davidson RS, Weitzel P, Stanton RP, Betz RR, Alburger PD, Dormans JP, Drummond DS: Slipped capital femoral epiphysis: a multicenter review of the complications by treatment group in 432 hips. Eastern Orthopaedic Association annual meeting, Hilton Head Island, SC, October 1996; American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons annual meeting, Atlanta, February 1996; Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America annual meeting, Bal Harbor, FL, 1995 An HS, Betz RR, Cotler JM, Vaccaro AR, Balderston RA: Instructional course: Initial management of patients with spinal cord injury. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons annual meeting, Atlanta, February 1996.

86. Betz RR: Instructional course: Pediatric spinal trauma. Federation of Spine Associations annual meeting, Atlanta, February 1996. Betz RR: Sorting out the options: orthoses, robotics, FES, tendon transfers. IN Trends in the Upper Extremity Management of Individuals with SCI (instructional course). American Academy of Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine annual meeting, Philadelphia, September 1995.

87. Betz RR: Spine deformity in the child with SCI. IN Pediatric Spinal Cord Injury: Specialty Topics. American Academy of Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine annual meeting, Philadelphia, September 1995.

88. Betz RR, Mulcahey MJ, Weiss AA, Keith MW, Peckham PH: Surgical aspects of a functional electrical stimulation hand grasp system to augment function in patients with tetraplegia. American Paraplegia Society annual meeting (poster), Las Vegas, September 1995.

89. deMoura AB, Mulcahey MJ, Betz RR: The effect of triceps surface stimulation on pinch strength in tetraplegia. American Spinal Injury Association annual meeting (poster), Orlando, April 1995; American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons annual meeting (poster), Orlando, February 1995; American Paraplegia Society annual meeting (poster), Las Vegas, September 1994.

90. Talsania J, Thoder J, Betz R, Clancy M: When is the best time for simple syndactyly release? American Orthopaedic Association Residents' conference, Pittsburgh, March 1995

91. Stollsteimer GT, Kolessar DJ, Betz RR: The value of the measurement from T5 to T12 as a screening tool in detecting abnormal kyphosis. American Orthopaedic Association Residents' Conference, Pittsburgh, March 1995; American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons annual meeting (poster), Orlando, February 1995.

92. Pierre-Jacques H, Betz RR, Berman AT, Clancy M: Hip instability in children with spinal cord injuries. American Orthopaedic Association Residents' Conference, Pittsburgh, March 1995; American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons annual meeting (poster), Orlando, February 1995.

93. O'Brien JT, Betz RR, Berman AT: A comparison of children with spinal cord injury with and without radiographic abnormality. American Orthopaedic Association Residents' Conference, Pittsburgh, March 1995; American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons annual meeting [paper, poster], Orlando, February 1995; Pennsylvania Orthopaedic Society Fall meeting, Pittsburgh, September 1994; American Paraplegia Society annual meeting (poster), Las Vegas, September 1994.

94. Betz RR: Initial evaluation and management of the pediatric spinal injury. IN Initial Management of Patients with Spinal Cord Injury [instructional course]. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons annual meeting, Orlando, February 1995.

95. Betz RR: Choosing levels of anterior instrumentation in the thoracic spine. Federation of Spine Associations annual meeting, Orlando, February 1995. Weiss AA, Betz RR, Matityahu A, Keith MW, Zigler S: Interphalangeal joint stabilization without arthrodesis for restoration of lateral pinch in tetraplegia: the split FPL transfer. Shrine Surgeons annual meeting, Philadelphia, September 1994.

96. Barbieri CA, Moynahan M, Halden EE, Betz RR: The effects of functional neuromuscular stimulation on the gait characteristics of a child with spastic diplegia cerebral palsy. Shrine Surgeons annual meeting, Philadelphia, September 1994.

97. Mulcahey MJ, Betz RR, Smith BT, Weiss AA: The application of functional neuromuscular stimulation using a totally implanted stimulator and implanted electrodes in adolescents with tetraplegia. Shrine Surgeons annual meeting, Philadelphia, September 1994.

98. Smith BT, Mulcahey MJ, Betz RR: Functional neuromuscular stimulation for upper extremity function in C4 tetraplegia. Shrine Surgeons annual meeting, Philadelphia, September 1994.

99. Mulcahey MJ, Betz RR: The activities of adolescents with spinal cord injuries: results of the adolescent role assessment. American Spinal Injury Association annual meeting, Philadelphia, April 1994.

100. Mulcahey MJ, Smith BT, Betz RR: Spinal cord injury in children: the impact on parents' routines of work, leisure, and rest. American Spinal Injury Association annual meeting, Philadelphia, April 1994.

101. Betz RR, Boden B, Triolo RJ, Gardner ER, Fife RS: The effects of functional neuromuscular stimulation on the joints of the lower extremity in children with spinal cord injury. American Spinal Injury Association annual meeting (poster), Philadelphia, April 1994; American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons annual meeting (poster), New Orleans, February 1994; Orthopaedic Rehabilitation Association annual meeting, New Orleans, February 1994.

102. Betz RR, Vogel LC, Mulcahey MJ, Morales V: Pediatric spinal cord injury: unique characteristics. American Spinal Injury Association annual meeting [instructional course], Philadelphia, April 1994.

103. Betz RR, Beck T, Huss GK, Henzes J, Clancy M: Hip instability in children with spinal cord injury. American Spinal Injury Association annual meeting (poster), Philadelphia, April 1994; American Paraplegia Society annual meeting (poster), Las Vegas, September 1993.

104. Cole BA, Betz RR, Davidson RS: The natural history of scoliosis secondary to modest leg length inequality. American Orthopaedic Association Residents' Conference, Atlanta, March 1994; American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons [paper and poster], New Orleans, February 1994.

105. Weis JC, Betz RR, Clements DH, Balsara RK: The prevalence of perioperative complications following anterior spinal fusion for patients with idiopathic scoliosis. North American Spine Society annual meeting, Minneapolis, September 1994; American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons annual meeting (poster), New Orleans, February 1994; Scoliosis Research Society annual meeting (poster), Dublin, Ireland, September 1993.

106. Böhm H, Betz RR, Harms J, Clements DH, Balsara RK: Correction of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis with flexible anterior instrumentation. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons annual meeting, New Orleans, February 1994; Scoliosis Research Society annual meeting (poster), Dublin, Ireland, September 1993.

107. Betz RR, Mulcahey MJ, Vogel LC, James MA: The Child with Spinal Cord Injury: Part 1: Early Rehabilitation and Part 2: From Rehabilitation to Habilitation [instructional courses]. American Academy of Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine annual meetings; New Orleans, September 1994; Nashville, September 1993.

108. Betz RR, Weiss AA, James MA, Mulcahey MJ: Providing a hand towards competency in daily activities: creative solutions for upper extremity dysfunction [instructional course]. American Academy of Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine annual meeting, New Orleans, September 1994.

109. Hurley JM, Betz RR, Clancy M, Steel HH: The prevalence of late development of contralateral SCFE in patients treated by in situ pinning vs. cast immobilization. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons annual meeting, San Francisco, February 1993; Shrine Surgeons' annual meeting, Spokane, Washington, September 1991. Betz RR: The role of nonoperative treatment for patients with slipped capital femoral epiphysis. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons instructional course, San Francisco, February 1993; Washington DC, February 1992.

110. Harvey CJ Jr, Betz RR, Clements DH, Huss GK, Clancy M: Are there indications for partial rib resection in patients undergoing CD instrumentation for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis? American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons annual meeting (poster), San Francisco, February 1993; Federation of Spine Associations annual meeting, San Francisco, February 1993; Scoliosis Research Society annual meeting (considered for Russell Hibbs Award), Kansas City, MO, September 1992; Shrine Surgeons annual meeting, Greenville, SC, September 1992.

111. Clements DH, Betz RR, Harms J, Balsara RK: Technique of Harms/MOSS anterior thoracic instrumentation and fusion for treatment of thoracic curves in idiopathic scoliosis. Scoliosis Research Society annual meeting [video], Kansas City, MO, September 1992.

112. Mulcahey MJ, Betz RR, Smith BT, Triolo RJ, Weiss AA, Keith MW, Peckham PH, Mitra A: Bipolar latissimus dorsi transposition and functional neuromuscular stimulation to restore flexion in a C4 quadriplegic with C5 denervation. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons annual meeting (poster), San Francisco, February 1993; American Paraplegia Society annual meeting (poster), Las Vegas, September 1992; American Spinal Injury Association annual meeting, Toronto, May 1992.

113. Houdayer T, Freedman W, Triolo RJ, Andrews B, Betz RR: Prolonged standing for children with paraplegia by means of hybrid orthosis: a case study. IEEE-EMBS Conference, Paris, October 1992.

114. Betz RR, Cole CL, Triolo RJ, Gardner ER, Cohn JC, Fife RS: The effects of functional neuromuscular stimulation on the joints of the lower extremity in spinal cord injured children. American Paraplegia Society annual meeting (poster), Las Vegas, September 1992; American Spinal Injury Association annual meeting, Toronto, May 1992.

115. Cohn JC, Moynahan M, Triolo RJ, Betz RR: A survey of the pediatric spinal cord injured population on attitude towards standing (poster). American Spinal Injury Association annual meeting, Toronto, May 1992.

116. Uppal GS, Wood KB, Betz RR, Ogilvie JW, Watkins RG, Sherk HH: Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of congenital scoliosis [poster exhibit]. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons annual meeting, Washington DC, February 1992; American Orthopaedic Association Residents' Conference, Kansas City, Kansas, April 1991.

117. Weiss AA, Betz RR: Transfer of paralyzed but not denervated muscles for functional nerve stimulation restoration of prehensile activity in spinal cord injury patients. American Academy of Pediatrics Orthopaedic Section, New Orleans, October 1991.

118. Siegel MJ, Betz RR, Bridwell KH, Shufflebarger HL, Cummings RJ, Moynahan M, Baldus C, Clements DH: A critical analysis comparing Zielke instrumentation alone, Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation alone, and a combination of the two for the treatment of adolescent thoracolumbar and lumbar idiopathic scoliosis. Scoliosis Research Society annual meeting, Minneapolis, September 1991.

119. Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Bullis D, Betz RR, Baldus C, Schoenecker PL: Results of in-situ fusion for isthmic spondylolisthesis. Recipient of Russell S. Hibbs Award for best clinical presentation. Scoliosis Research Society annual meeting, Minneapolis, September 1991.

120. Betz RR, Triolo RJ, Hermida VM, Moynahan M, Gardner ER, Maurer A, Cook SD, Bennett JT: The effects of functional neuromuscular stimulation on the bone mineral content in the lower limbs of spinal cord injured children. American Spinal Injury Association annual meeting, Seattle, April 1991.

121. Triolo RJ, Reilley B, Mulcahey MJ, Betz RR, Cohn J: Development and standardization of an evaluation for standing function in children with spinal cord injuries. American Spinal Injury Association annual meeting (poster), Seattle, April 1991. Mulcahey MJ, Smith B, Triolo RJ, Betz RR: Restoration of grasp and release in a C7 child (poster). American Spinal Injury Association, Seattle, April 1991 (first-place orthopaedic poster); Applied Neural Control Research Conference, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, May 1990.

122. Decker JE, Weiss AA, Webber JB, Ciocco R, Betz RR, Clancy M, Giattini JF: Treatment options for radioulnar length discrepancy including epiphysiodesis of the distal ulna. American Orthopaedic Association Residents' Conference, Kansas City, Kansas, April 1991.

123. Iorio R, Betz RR, Clancy M, Steel HH, Berman AT: The prevalence of malignant degeneration in multiple hereditary exostosis. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Anaheim, California, March 1991; Shrine Surgeons, Erie, Pennsylvania, September 1989.

124. Liss FE, Betz RR, Clancy M, Steel HH: Lateral femoral condylar overgrowth and varus knee deformity following distal femoral epiphysiodesis. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Anaheim, California, March 1991; American Orthopaedic Association Residents' Conference, Monterey Beach, March 1990.

125. Kollmer CE, Betz RR, Clancy M: Association of hip dysplasia with pediatric foot abnormalities: A national Shriners Hospital survey. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Anaheim, California, March 1991; Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America, San Francisco, May 1990; Shrine Surgeons, Erie, Pennsylvania, September 1989; American Orthopaedic Association Residents' Conference, Monterey Beach, March 1990.

126. Israelite CL, Bashner BC, Betz RR, Clancy M, Steel HH, Berman AT: Reliable early radiographic differentiation of infantile Blount's disease and physiologic bowing: Utilizing the ratio of the femoral and tibial metaphyseal-diaphyseal angles. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Anaheim, California, March 1991; Shrine Surgeons, Lexington, Kentucky, October 1990; American Orthopaedic Association Residents' Conference, Monterey Beach, March 1990.

127. Cole CL, Betz RR, Harrison M, Clancy M, Steel HH: Orthopaedic manifestations of Proteus syndrome. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons annual meeting (poster), Anaheim, March 1991. Michalski JA, Steel HH, Betz RR, Mesgarzadeh M, Davidson RC, Clancy M: The Blanch sign revisited. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons annual meeting (poster), Anaheim, March 1991.

128. Milea AC, Steel HH, Betz RR, Clancy M: Epiphysiodesis of the triradiate cartilage for protrusio acetabuli in Marfan's syndrome: a long-term follow-up. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons annual meeting (poster), Anaheim, March 1991. Piccioni L, Davidson RC, Betz RR, Clancy M, Steel HH: Radiographic assessment of intraoperative club foot correction. Pennsylvania Orthopaedic Society, Pittsburgh, November 1990.

129. Backe HA, Betz RR, Mesgarzadeh M, Clancy M, Steel HH: Post-traumatic spinal cord syrinx: An evaluation by MRI. American Spinal Injury Association, Orlando, May 1990.

130. Mulcahey MJ, Triolo RJ, Betz RR: Restoration of hand function: A demonstration of functional neuromuscular stimulation. American Occupational Therapy Association annual meeting (poster), New Orleans, April 1990. McIvor OR, Betz RR, Clancy M, Steel HH: Low back pain following PSF for idiopathic scoliosis. American Orthopaedic Association Residents' Conference, Monterey Beach, March 1990.

131. Kozin SH, Weiss AA, Webber JB, Betz RR, Clancy M, Steel HH: Index finger pollicization for congenital aplasia or hypoplasia of the thumb. American Orthopaedic Association Residents' Conference, Monterey Beach, March 1990; American Society for Surgery of the Hand (poster), Seattle, Washington, September 1989.

132. Smith RC, Betz RR, Love M, Bonakdarpour A, Mesgarzadeh M, Clancy M, Steel HH, Sherk HH: Cervical spine abnormalities in multiple epiphyseal dysplasia. American Orthopaedic Association Residents' Conference, Monterey Beach, March 1990.

133. Cavanaugh MF, Betz RR, Alburger PD, Clancy M, Steel HH: Treatment of congenital hip dislocation in black infants. American Orthopaedic Association Residents' Conference, Monterey Beach, March 1990; American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, New Orleans, February 1990.

134. Mesgarzadeh M, Wiggill S, Schneck CD, Bonakdarpour A, Clancy M, Betz RR: The MRI structural correlates of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (poster), New Orleans, February 1990.

135. Bridwell KH, Betz RR, Harvey C, Capelli A, Franken C, Huss GK: Sagittal plane analysis in idiopathic scoliosis patients treated with Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, New Orleans, February 1990; Federation of Spine Associations Annual Meeting, New Orleans, February 1990; 6th Annual C-D International Symposium, Monte Carlo, September 1989; Scoliosis Research Society annual meeting, Amsterdam, September 1989; North American Spine Society, Quebec City, June 1989.

136. Mesgarzadeh M, Wiggill S, Schneck CD, Bonakdarpour A, Clancy M, Betz RR: The MRI structural correlates of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) (poster). American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, New Orleans, February 1990.

137. Betz RR, Johnson VL, Aiona MD, Davidson RS, Kollmer C: Association of hip dysplasia with pediatric foot abnormalities: a national Shriners Hospital survey. Shrine Surgeons annual meeting, Erie, PA, September 1989.

138. Gardner ER, Triolo RJ, Betz RR: Repeatability of strength and endurance of the electrically stimulated quadriceps in SCI children. American Physical Therapy Association annual conference in Nashville, Tennessee, June 1989.

139. Betz RR, Huss GK, Clancy M: Indications for rib resection with Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation for correction of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. ABC Traveling Fellowship, United Kingdom and South Africa, April 1989; Shrine Surgeons, Springfield, October 1988.

140. Emper WD, Betz RR, Clancy M, Steel HH: Spica cast treatment of slipped capital femoral epiphysis. ABC Traveling Fellowship, United Kingdom and South Africa, April 1989; Shrine Surgeons, St. Louis, October 1986; American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, New Orleans, February 1986; American Orthopaedic Association Residents' Conference, New Orleans, May 1985.

141. Betz RR, Donner EJ, Mesgarzadeh M, Campo RD, Clancy M: Magnetic resonance imaging in slipped capital femoral epiphysis. ABC Traveling Fellowship, United Kingdom and South Africa, April 1989; Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America, Colorado Springs, May 1988; American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Las Vegas, February 1989.

142. Carey PJ, Alburger PD, Betz RR: Closed treatment of both bone forearm fractures. Orthopaedic Trauma Association, Philadelphia, October 1989; American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Las Vegas, February 1989. Wolf SB, Betz RR, Steel HH, Clancy M: Conservatively treated idiopathic clubfoot: Long-term results. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Las Vegas, February 1989; American Orthopaedic Association Residents' Conference, Boston, March 1988.

143. Robinson DE, Triolo RJ, Betz RR: Graded exercise testing in spinal cord injured children (poster). APTA annual meeting, Honolulu, February 1989.

144. McAllister JW, Bridwell KH, Betz RR, Huss GK, Clancy M, Schoenecker PL: Coronal decompensation produced by Cotrel-Dubousset derotation maneuver for idiopathic right thoracic scoliosis. Mid-America Orthopaedic Association, Hamilton, Bermuda, April 1989; Scoliosis Research Society annual meeting, Baltimore, September 1988.

145. Mason RJ, Betz RR, Orlowski JP, Bell GR: The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion and its effect on blood indices following spinal fusion. Scoliosis Research Society annual meeting (considered for Russell Hibbs Award), Baltimore, September 1988.

146. Lyons CJ, Betz RR, Mesgarzadeh M, Revesz G, Clancy M: The effect of magnetic resonance imaging on metal spine implants. Scoliosis Research Society annual meeting, Baltimore, September 1988.

147. Betz RR: Congenital epiphyseal plate disorders. Philadelphia Orthopaedic Review Course [faculty], Philadelphia, May 1988.

148. Betz RR, Triolo RJ, Gardner EG, Robinson DE, Alm AC: Functional neuromuscular stimulation in children with spinal cord injury: Changes in strength and endurance of the quadriceps (poster). Case Western Reserve University Annual Neural Control Research Day, May 1988.

149. Betz RR, Rosenfeld ER, Maurer A, Triolo RJ, Robinson DE, Gardner EG: Bone mineral content in children with spinal cord injury (poster). American Spinal Injury Association, San Diego, March 1988.

150. Elia EA, Clancy M, Betz RR, Steel HH: Long-term follow-up of osteogenesis imperfecta. American Orthopaedic Association Residents' Conference, Boston, March 1988.

151. MacMahon EB, Irani RN, Betz RR, Hollis S, Schwentker EP: Significance of lateral tibial torsion translation in Blount's disease. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Atlanta, February 1988.

152. Ecker ML, Betz RR, Trent PS, Mahboubi S, Mesgarzadeh M, Bonakdarpour A, Drummond DS, Clancy M: Computed tomographic evaluation of Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation in idiopathic scoliosis. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Atlanta, February 1988; Federation of Spine Associations, Atlanta, February 1988. Raisis LW, Betz RR, Clancy M, Ostrum RF, Steel HH: Comparison of percutaneous versus open epiphyseodesis for leg-length discrepancy. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Atlanta, February 1988; Pennsylvania Orthopaedic Society meeting, Orlando, April 1987.

153. O'Donnell CS, Bunnell WP, Betz RR, Bowen JR, Tipping CR: Electrical stimulation in the treatment of idiopathic scoliosis. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons annual meeting, Atlanta, February 1988; Scoliosis Research Society annual meeting (winner of Russell Hibbs Award), Vancouver, British Columbia, September 1987.

154. Griffith M, Mardjetko S, Betz RR, Clancy M, Steel HH, Millar EA: Review of treatment of unicameral bone cysts. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons annual meeting, Atlanta, February 1988; at the American Orthopaedic Association Residents' Conference, Salt Lake City, March 1987; and at the Spring Residents' Conference, Shriners Hospital, Philadelphia, May 1986.

155. Maurer R, Betz RR, Bonakdarpour A, Mesgarzadeh M, Clancy M, Steel HH: Radiographic review of amyoplasia (arthrogryposis). American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Atlanta, February 1988 (poster); American Orthopaedic Association Residents' Conference, Salt Lake City, March 1987

156. Clements DH, Betz RR, Truex RE: Diastematomyelia: Natural history and surgical indications. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Atlanta, February 1988 (poster); American Orthopaedic Association Residents' Conference, Salt Lake City, March 1987.

157. Betz RR, Clancy M, Huss GK, Alburger PD: Correction of spine deformities with Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation: Results and problems in a consecutive series. Eastern Orthopaedic Association, Hot Springs, Virginia, October 1987.

158. Mannherz RE, Betz RR, Clancy M, Steel HH: Juvenile idiopathic scoliosis followed to skeletal maturity. Federation of Spine Associations, Atlanta, February 1988; Scoliosis Research Society, Vancouver, British Columbia, September 1987.

159. Betz RR, Campo RD: Epiphyseal plate fractures. Philadelphia Review Course [faculty], Philadelphia, June 1987. Weidner PL, Alburger PD, Betz RR: Treatment of supracondylar fractures of the humerus by delayed manipulative reduction. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, San Francisco, January 1987; American Orthopaedic Association Residents' Conference, Los Angeles, May 1986; Fall Pennsylvania Orthopaedic Society meeting, Philadelphia, November 1985.

160. Mesgarzadeh M, Sneck CD, Betz RR, Moyer R, Bonakdarpour A: Optimization of MR imaging of the knee joint (poster). American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, San Francisco, January 1987. Gelman AJ, Betz RR, DeFilipp GJ, Mesgarzadeh M, Clancy M, Steel HH: Magnetic resonance imaging in evaluation of spinal cord injured children. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, San Francisco, January 1987; Scoliosis Research Society, Hamilton, Bermuda, September 1986; American Orthopaedic Association Residents' Conference, Los Angeles, May 1986; Pennsylvania Orthopaedic Society, Hershey, Pennsylvania, April 1986; American Spinal Injury Association, San Francisco, March 1986.

161. Dearolf WW III, Betz RR, Clancy M, Steel HH: Spinal deformity in pediatric spinal cord injured patients. Scoliosis Research Society, Hamilton, Bermuda, September 1986; American Spinal Injury Association, Boston, March 1987; American Orthopaedic Association Residents' Conference, Los Angeles, May 1986.

162. Lombardi AV, Betz RR, Bonakdarpour A, Clancy M, Steel HH: Neurofibromatous scoliosis: The necessity of an aggressive approach. American Orthopaedic Association Residents' Conference, Los Angeles, May 1986. Thoder JJ, Betz RR, Clancy M, Steel HH: Gluteus medius and minimus advancement for correction of internal rotation gait in spastic cerebral palsy. American Orthopaedic Association Residents' Conference, Los Angeles, May 1986.

163. Lin PS, Betz RR, Kalamchi A, Steel HH: The long-term follow-up of iliofemoral fusion in proximal femoral focal deficiency. American Orthopaedic Association Residents' Conference, Los Angeles, May 1986; Fall Pennsylvania Orthopaedic Society meeting, Philadelphia, November 1985.

164. Scanlon JD, Betz RR, Weaver SA, Rosenfeld ER, Scheuren MA, Bork CE: Stress test values of paraplegics and quadriplegics versus able-bodied children (poster). American Spinal Injury Association, San Francisco, March 1986.

165. Betz RR, Baran EM, Rosenfeld EM, Steel HH: Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) in chronic spinal cord injury. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, New Orleans, February 1986 (poster); American Spinal Injury Association, Atlanta, April 1985.

166. Crossett LS, Betz RR, Steel HH: Congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia: long-term follow-up. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, New Orleans, February 1986; American Orthopaedic Association Residents' Conference, New Orleans, May 1985. Sutherland RD, Betz RR, Steel HH: The sequelae of septic arthritis of the hip. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, New Orleans, February 1986; American Orthopaedic Association Residents' Conference, New Orleans, May 1985; Pennsylvania Orthopaedic Society, Pittsburgh, November 1984.

167. Betz RR, Bunnell WP, MacEwen GD: Scoliosis and pregnancy. Federation of Spine Associations, New Orleans, February 1986; Scoliosis Research Society (considered for Russell Hibbs Award), San Diego, September 1985; American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Atlanta, February 1984.

168. Betz R, Sachs I, Steel H: Acquired spastic talipes equinovarus and its relationship to dystonia musculorum deformans. Shrine Surgeons annual meeting, Tampa, FL, October 1985.

169. Betz RR, Moyer RA, Clements DH, Marchetto P, Lachman JW: Traumatic diastasis of the first and second tarsometatarsal joints. American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine, Nashville, June 1985; American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Las Vegas, February 1985; American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, Las Vegas, January 1985. Maddalon R, Betz RR, Steel HH: Effect of preoperative Cotrel traction on posterior spinal fusion in idiopathic scoliosis. American Orthopaedic Association Residents' Conference, New Orleans, May 1985.

170. Betz RR, Moyer RA, Alburger PD, Clancy M, Murphy J, Iaquinto J: Arthroscopic anterior cruciate reconstruction using autogenous semitendinosus and gracilis tendons. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Las Vegas, January 1985.

171. Ostrum RF, Betz RR, Manzione M, Steel HH: Pitfalls, problems, and long-term results of epiphysiodesis. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Las Vegas, January 1985; American Orthopaedic Association Residents' Conference, Ann Arbor, Michigan, May 1984; Spring Pennsylvania Orthopaedic Society meeting, Hershey, April 1984.

172. Betz RR, Magill JT, Lonergan R: The percutaneous lateral retinacular release: Long-term review. American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine, Las Vegas, January 1985; Pennsylvania Orthopaedic Society, Hershey, April 1984; Eastern Orthopaedic Association, Boca Raton, Florida, October 1981.

173. Betz RR, Steel HH, Millar EA: Acquired spastic talipes equinovarus and its relationship to dystonia musculorum deformans. Pediatric Orthopaedic Society, Vancouver, British Columbia, May 1984.

174. Hix S, Betz RR, Steel HH: Effects of endurance training on the rehabilitation of spinal cord injured and spina bifida children (poster). American Spinal Injury Association, Houston, March 1984.

175. Betz RR, Palmer C, Kumar S, MacEwen GD: Long-term follow-up of Chiari osteotomies. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Atlanta, February 1984.

176. Tipping C, Betz RR, Bunnell WP, Bowen JR, Kumar S, Pizzutillo PD: Electro-spinal orthosis (ESO) in the treatment of scoliosis. Fall Seminar, Alfred I. DuPont Institute, Wilmington, Delaware, October 1983.

177. Betz RR, Steel HH, Alburger P, Clements D: Ligamentum teres reconstruction. Orthopaedic Research Society annual meeting, Anaheim, CA, March 1983

Invited Lectures:

1. Federation of Spine Associations annual meeting, San Francisco, February 2001

2. Debate: Anterior vs. posterior surgery (thoracic curve) New York Spinal Deformity Program, New York City, December 2000

3. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis-anterior open treatment-indications/techniques 5th Scientific Congress of the Paralympic Games, Sydney, Australia, October 2000

4. Keynote address: State of the art and future directions of functional electrical stimulation (FES) for patients with spinal cord injury
Implications of scoliosis treatment on function in children with spinal cord injury The Surgical Management of Spinal Deformity in the Young Child, Barcelona, Spain, July 2000

5. Anterior instrumentation in the thoracic spine: open techniques Spinal Deformity: Challenges and Solutions, Las Croabas, Puerto Rico, May 2000

6.* Scoliosis classification: recent developments * Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: indications for posterior instrumentation -- new technical strategies Spine Trauma in the Millennium, Chicago, April 2000

7. Pediatric SCI: special considerations Total Spine, Cancun, February 2000

8. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: indications and posterior instrumentation Ski with Big Time Spine, Keystone, CO, January-February 2000

9. Anterior instrumentation in adolescent scoliosis.
Scoliosis classification...recent developments
Thoracoscopic versus open approach for anterior instrumentation in scoliosis Janet Stellini Memorial Lecturer, Temple/Shriners Orthopaedic Alumni Day, May 1999

10. Spinal Cord Injury: Past, Present, and Future Total Spine, Cancun, Mexico, March 1999

11. Thoracoscopic technique advancements: what can we do today that we couldn't two years ago? Where is the future? Presidential Guest Speaker, Australian Orthopaedic Association, Cairns, Australia, October 1998

12. Slipped capital femoral epiphysis: perspectives on predicting and treating the contralateral slip [instructional course]
Spinal cord injury: past, present and future [keynote address] ( New classification system for scoliosis [instructional course]
Anterior surgery including endoscopy for idiopathic scoliosis
Early evaluation and management of the child with SCI [instructional course] New Techniques in Scoliosis Surgeries, Frankfurt, Germany, July 1998

13. Anterior spinal fusion and instrumentation for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis Anterior Scoliosis Instrumentation seminar, New Orleans, March 1998

14. Concepts of anterior instrumentation
Indications and surgical technique: thoracic idiopathic scoliosis
Thoracoscopic application of the anterior instrumentation Spine + Science + Management, New Orleans, November 1997

15. Academic medicine What Progress Have We Made in Treating Spinal Deformities in the Last Ten Years? St. Louis, Missouri, September 1997

16. Anterior surgery for scoliosis in the idiopathic adolescent New Directions in Pediatric Spinal Cord Injury, Sacramento, California, July 1997

17. Orthopaedic problems in pediatric spinal cord injury. Overview of functional electrical stimulation for children with spinal cord injury XX G.I.S. National Congress, Italian Society of Vertebral Pathology, Genova, Italy, June 1997

18. Does bracing adversely affect the compensatory upper thoracic curve in idiopathic scoliosis? Thoracoscopic anterior release and fusion for idiopathic scoliosis: focus on technique, morbidity, future applications. The results of a prospective study comparing anterior instrumentation vs. posterior instrumentation for thoracic idiopathic scoliosis Spine Deformity in Children and Adolescents, Philadelphia, PA, April 1997

19. Idiopathic scoliosis: anterior spinal fusion New Surgical Perspectives on the Pediatric Elbow and Hip, Rosemont, IL, October 1996

20. Chiari osteotomy (hands-on skills laboratory)Session moderator: Slipped capital femoral epiphysis and Perthes disease 30th Brazilian Orthopaedic and Traumatology Course, Curitiba, Brazil, July 1996

21. Management of the adult with spine deformity. Anterior instrumentation for thoracic scoliosis. Pediatric spinal cord injury. Functional neuromuscular stimulation. Guidelines to differentiating physiologic bowing from Blount's disease Advanced Techniques in Spinal Surgery, Keystone, CO, March 1996

22. Anterior instrumentation for thoracic idiopathic scoliosis. The place of the King criteria in 1996 Total Spine, Cancun, Mexico, February 1996

23. Kyphosis correction: 4-rod technique Miami Project, Miami, Florida, October 1995

24. Trends in upper extremity management of individuals with SCI Treatment of Scoliosis, Innsbruck, Austria, March 1995

25. Surgical treatment for thoracic, thoracolumbar, and lumbar scoliosis: anterior approach Neural Prostheses: Motor Systems IV. Mt. Sterling, Ohio, June 1994

26. Upper extremity applications in the pediatric SCI and CP populations MOSS Instrumentation: Biomechanics, Indications and Techniques, June 1993

27. Anterior MOSS for Scoliosis St. Joseph's Health Centre, London, Ontario, Canada, July 1992

28. Pelvic osteotomies for treatment of pediatric hip disorders. Current controversies in the treatment of scoliosis. Reliable early radiographic differentiation of infantile Blount's disease and physiologic bowing. The contralateral slipped capital femoral epiphysis. Can you prevent it? Can you detect it early? Guy A. Caldwell Visiting Professor, Children's Hospital and Tulane University Medical Center, New Orleans, June 1992

29. Reliable early differentiation of infantile Blount's disease and physiologic bowing. Pelvic osteotomies for treatment of pediatric hip disorders. Current controversies in the treatment of scoliosis.
Current perspectives on treatment of SCFE: Can MRI predict a contralateral slip? Future Research in Neurological and Functional Recovery in SCI. Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, February 1992

30. Upper extremity functional electrical stimulation: potential for future research Update Course on Cotrel-Dubousset Instrumentation, Philadelphia, June 1991

31. Local host and moderator of Session 1: Deformity Nemours Children's Clinic and Northeast Florida Orthopaedic Society, April 1991

32. Perspectives on slipped capital femoral epiphysis: Is pinning always necessary? Can MRI predict an impending contralateral slip?
Back pain in children. Current controversies regarding instrumentation for treatment of spinal deformity Brooklyn Orthopaedic Society, January 1991

33. Perspectives on slipped capital femoral epiphysis: Is pinning always necessary? Can MRI predict an impending contralateral slip? 34th Annual Orthopaedic Rehabilitation Symposium and Ontario Orthopaedic Association, Toronto, Ontario, November 1990

34.Post-traumatic spinal cord syrinx: an evaluation by MRI. Functional neuromuscular stimulation in spinal cord injured patients
Cast treatment of slipped capital femoral epiphysis St. Joseph's Hospital, February 1990: Kaneda Anterior Spinal Device Instrumentation Introductory Course

35. Zielke anterior instrumentation St. Joseph's Hospital, December 1989: Cotrel-Dubousset Spinal Instrumentation Introductory Course

36. Common scoliosis curvatures and preoperative planning Cotrel-Dubousset Spinal Instrumentation, New Orleans, LA, November 1989

37. Introduction to the components Idiopathic scoliosis constructs - thoracic C-D in neuromuscular scoliosis. Use of C-D in kyphosis Gwynedd-Mercy College, October 1988

38. Scoliosis and its treatment: a contemporary approach Philadelphia Orthopaedic Review Course, May 1988

39. Congenital epiphyseal plate disorders Pennsylvania Academy of Chiropractic Physicians, April 1988

40. An allopathic approach to diagnosis and management of scoliosis Memphis Orthopaedic Association and LeBonheur Children's Medical Center, Memphis, April 1988

41. Early diagnosis and treatment of scoliosis. Evaluation of low back pain in children. Orthopaedic infections in children. The current treatment of thoracolumbar spine fractures Children's Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, December 1987

42. The Chiari pelvic osteotomy in children and young adults. Steel (triple) osteotomy of the innominate bone Medical College of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, September 1987

43. Cotrel fixation in scoliosis Perspectives in Pediatric Orthopaedics: The Pediatric Hip, Wilmington, DE, May 1987

44. Triple innominate osteotomy. Chiari osteotomy Pennsylvania Academy of Chiropractic Surgeons, April 1987

45. Anatomy to include embryology as it relates to spine deformity. Biomechanics of the spine as it relates to spine deformity. Etiology of scoliosis. Classification of scoliosis. History taking, physical examination and diagnostic work-up for patients with scoliosis
Natural history of scoliosis. Conservative treatment of scoliosis to include exercise, observation, and bracing. Surgical treatment of scoliosis. Back pain associated with scoliosis, and treatment and diagnosis. Psychosocial issues subsequent to scoliosis
Problems in adulthood for patients with scoliosis Family Practice Review, Lancaster, PA, March 1986

46. Scoliosis in the young adult: therapeutic, rehabilitative and prognostic considerations
History and treatment of common sports injuries Shriners Hospitals for Children, Chicago, February 1984.

47. Orthopaedic management and complications of spinal cord injury. Complications in spinal cord injury. Recent research in spinal cord injury

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